Influence of Internal Seedborne Fusarium semitectum on Cotton Seedlings
نویسندگان
چکیده
Fusarium semitectum was found to be the major seed colonizing fungus in the commercial acid delinted cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seed lots. There was no correlation, however, between its incidence and seedling emergence and disease symptoms on the emerged seedlings in autoclaved sand. Inoculation technique simulating internally seedborne nature of the fungus showed that the observed non-correlation might be related to the threshold level of seed coat colonization. The internally seedborne inoculum besides reducing seedling emergence, incited an array of symptoms on the emerged seedlings, which ranged from negative geotropism, leaf tearing, collar rot leading to dry root rot and seedling mortality. The dry root rot continued to develop on the plants surviving the seedling phase. The collar rot symptoms can be confused with those caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Additional keywords: negative geotropism, root rot, seedborne inoculum, cotton diseases, Gossypium hirsutum. RESUMO A influência de Fusarium semitectum carregado internamente por semente nas plântulas de algodoeiro Fusarium semitectum foi o principal fungo colonizador de sementes de algodão (Gossypium hirsutum) nos lotes comerciais deslintados com acido, mas não havia nenhuma correlação entre sua incidência e porcentagem de emergência de plântulas e sintomas de doença nas plântulas emergidas. Técnicas de inoculação simulando infecção interna das sementes pelo fungo mostraram que a ausência de correlação observada pode estar relacionada ao limiar da colonização no tegumento da semente. O inóculo interno nas sementes, além de reduzir a emergência de plântulas, produz um conjunto de sintomas nas plântulas emergidas, que vão do geotropismo negativo, dilaceração de folhas primaria, podridão do colo levando à podridão seca de raízes e mortalidade de plântulas. A podridão de raízes continuou se desenvolvendo nas plântulas sobreviventes resultando em mortalidade na fase pós-plântula. Palavras-chave adicionais: geotropismo negativo, inoculum dentro da semente, doenças do algodoeiro, Gossypium hirsutum. 183 Fitopatol. bras. 30(2), mar abr 2005
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